Definition of Chronic Ear Infection:
Chronic (recurrent) ear infection is inflammation or infection of the middle ear that does not go away with treatment or keeps coming back. This means there is fluid behind the eardrum that does not drain. It may or may not be infected.
Symptoms of Chronic Ear Infections:
Symptoms of chronic ear infections are usually not as severe as those of acute ear infections. They may include:
- Ear pain or discomfort
- Pus like drainage from ear
- Hearing loss
Causes of Chronic Ear Infections:
Ear infections are common in children because they have short Eustachian tubes (the tube leading from the inner ear to the back of the throat which allows fluid to drain), which are often more horizontal and narrow than those of adults. This makes it difficult for fluid to drain out of the ears and easier for bacteria or viruses to become trapped and cause infection.
People of any age may develop chronic ear infections due to:
- Allergies
- Ear trauma or injury
- Large or swollen adenoids
- Multiple acute ear infections
Chronic Ear Infection Treatments:
Antibiotics are typically the first line of treatment for chronic ear infections that are believed to be caused by bacteria. However, because of the chronic nature of the infection, they may need to be taken for several months. These antibiotics may be prescribed orally or as ear drops, if there is hole in the eardrum.
Surgery may also be required to allow the fluid to drain. Possible surgeries include adenoid removal and a procedure in which the surgeon creates a hole in the eardrum to allow the fluid to drain (called a myringotomy). In some cases, ear tubes may be placed in the hole to keep it open longer.
Possible Complications:
Fortunately, chronic ear infections are not life threatening. However, they can cause some serious complications if they are not treated. These include:
- Middle ear cyst (cholesteatoma)
- Facial paralysis
- Mastoiditis
- Permanent hearing loss
- Infections in/around the brain (epidural abcess) -- this is rare
Most people with chronic ear infections recover completely without any complications, but they are important to be aware of.
Important Information:
Because symptoms of chronic ear infections are not always severe, you may not even be aware your child has one until he is seen for another reason. If your child has repeated ear infections, it is important to have him checked regularly and go back for follow-ups to ensure the fluid is draining. If you notice any signs of hearing loss, call your healthcare provider.
It is also important to keep the ears clean and dry, especially if you or your child have had surgery or ear tubes placed.
In some cases, it may be necessary to have surgery to repair a ruptured eardrum to decrease the risk of chronic ear infections.
Source:
"Otitis Media - chronic." Medical Encyclopedia 22 Apr 08. US National Library of Medicine. National Institutes of Health. 06 Mar 09.
